Create a top-level folder that you will share

Create a folder that you will share. 
My example: userdata

Create Sub-folders

Create additional folders under the folder that will eventually be shared.

My example folders: Beast, Cyclops, Havok

Share out userdata folder

Go to the properties of the userdata folder. 
Sharing Tab 
Advanced Sharing... 
Check "Share this folder" 
Give the share a name 
Go to Permissions and set appropriately (I've changed it to Authenticated Users, Full Control) 
Save changes

Disable Inheritance/Remove default permissions

Go to Properties of userdata 
Security Tab 
Advanced 
Under the permissions tab click 'Disable Inheritance' 
Convert to Explicit permissions 
Now remove the 2 entries for "%servername%\Users" 
(leaving those entries will 'break' Access-based enumeration if not removed due to their read permissions being propagated to sub-folders) 
Click "Apply"

Add "List folder / Read Data" permission to Shared folder ONLY

While still in the permissions tab click "Add" 
Select Principal (in this case I chose 'Domain Users') 
In the 'Applies to' drop-down select "This Folder Only" 
Click "Show Advanced Permissions" 
ONLY select "List folder / read data" 
Click OK 
Click Apply

Create Security Groups

At this point create security groups that will be delegated Read/Write access to each folder.

Delegate access to folders

My example: Cyclops

Go to the properties of the folder 
Security Tab 
Advanced 
Under Permissions Tab 
Click "add" 
Select Principal "Cyclops Share" security group 
Select 'modify permissions' and leave everything else default 
Apply changes and save

Add user to Security Group

At this point add a user to the security group that was granted modify access in previous step.

Turn on Access Based Enumeration

Open Server Manager 
Go to File and Storage Services 
Shares 
Right-click on your userdata share and select 'properties' 
Expand 'Settings' and check "Enable access-based enumeration" 
Click OK

Test Access-based enumeration by logging in

Login as account and access the share. You should only see the folders that you have rights to read (through membership to a security group that has been granted rights to that particular folder)